Sand really has no competition for applicable wells, and most wells can be fractured with sand as the proppant.īut sand has issues. So, they are not realistic replacements on a significant scale. There are also other specialty proppants that are alternatives to sand, but they cost substantially more. For higher closure stress wells, higher crush strength proppants, such as ceramics, are needed. Its only application limitation is in wells with fracture closure stresses above about 6,000 psi. Sand has long since been the preferred and most abundantly used proppant in hydraulic fracturing because of its availability in large quantities and cheap cost. ![]() But it is conceivable, and perhaps it should happen. So, could something as standard in the oil and gas industry as sand proppant for hydraulic fracturing-that seemingly has no need to be replaced-become obsolete in favor of an improved “technology?” It may seem unimaginable, and maybe it won’t happen anytime soon, and surely not all at once. ![]() Now, all that is needed to listen to music or other audio recordings, or to watch movies or sports, is a cell phone, tablet, or laptop computer. Today, the thought of 8-tracks and cassettes as advanced technologies is laughable, at least to those who even remember them. CDs, then DVDs, came along to make those conveniently smaller cassettes obsolete, too. I could then play music of my choice while driving! Then cassette tapes replaced 8-tracks. But I was excited about the advent of 8-track tapes. Decades ago, I never imagined that my precious collection of vinyl records would become essentially obsolete.
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